How Trout See Color… Fly Fishing with Confidence!
Trout, those colorful and captivating creatures expertly darting through streams at Briarwood Sporting Club and through other Ohio waters, possess many adaptations that suit their aquatic life. Their vision plays a critical role, especially when it involves the perception of color – and that matters to all of us who are pursuing them on the fly! Let’s dive into how these fish experience the world visually and what research has to say on the matter. A primary focus of my Master’s research at The Ohio State University centered on fish vision which has continued to drive my interest nearly 40 years later. How do trout perceive color? Bear with me as we dig into some science. Unlike humans, trout have vision tailored to their watery home, enabling them to detect a range of colors. This capability is crucial in the murky or clear waters they often inhabit. And we have those varying conditions at one of the midwest’s premiere fishing clubs, Briarwood, located in Bellfontaine, Ohio. The retina of a trout’s eye is rich in cones, the cells responsible for color vision in bright light. These cones contain pigments sensitive to different wavelengths of light, thereby allowing trout to perceive various colors across the spectrum, but primarily in the blue and green wavelengths. However, it’s important to note the differences in their environment. Underwater scenes have a distinct light quality, and colors can appear muted or quite different. Despite these variations, trout’s color vision helps them in distinguishing prey, navigating their habitat, and even recognizing other trout. Yes, some more science…but it is essential… Researchers have long been intrigued by the ability of trout to see colors. And if you want to hook some of these Ohio trout, you should care about this too. Various studies conducted over the years have shed light on just how sophisticated trout color vision is. One such study in the Pacific Northwest explored how different species of trout respond to natural prey and colored flies under varying light conditions. The findings revealed that trout do have a preference for certain colors, which can change depending on the available light and water clarity. Also, electro-chemical tests on trout eyes have clearly indicated trout can see a wide range of colors. These studies reflect a complex system of color detection in trout, and how they react to various colors, proving trout can interpret colors. This is vital to us fly anglers. Ah yes, let’s now focus on fly selection – what and when… So as anglers, we now understand that the color vision of trout is in fact, important; it impacts the selection of flies. Seasoned anglers know that “matching the hatch”, or using flies that mimic the color and appearance of local prey, can significantly increase the chances of attracting trout. For example, at Briarwood we know that the trout will react to flies that have colors akin to crayfish, stoneflies, mayflies, chironomids, grubs and a host of terrestrials like grasshoppers, beetles, ants, or various worms that may fall in the water. Moreover, considering the light conditions and water clarity can guide the choice of lure color to ensure it stands out or appears natural to the trout, depending on the desired approach. Selecting the right colored fly is speaking the visual language of trout. Trout are most sensitive to blue and green light spectrums, with some species also quite sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. When choosing flies, in addition to matching prey coloration, consider the following tips: The effectiveness of your colored fly also depends significantly on how and where you present it in the water. Consider these best practices: Anything else I should keep in mind? Ultimately, success in fishing is about understanding your target and its environment. Here are additional tips to consider: Conclusion In wrapping up, understanding trout’s ability to see color adds an invaluable layer to your fishing strategies. Fly fishing for trout in Ohio can be tough enough, but like with anything where there is an “us and them” component, know everything you can about your foe! It’s clear from decades of research and our own experiences, that trout do indeed perceive colors. This insight means that choosing flies isn’t just throwing out a line in hope. It’s a thoughtful decision. Happy fishing and tight lines my fishing friends!